Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Research Paper - 2

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - Research Paper Example In many cases, the victim may not register any complaints about the sex harassments and hence the number of the actual sex harassment cases is extremely higher than the number of the reported cases. Sexual harassment is considered as employment discrimination if it takes place at the workplace. Earlier sex harassment incidents at workplaces were mostly happened against the women employees. However, at present even male workers are complaining about the sexual harassment they are facing from their female superior employees. In other words, both males and females are equally suffering from the sexual exploitations at workplace. Nature of sex harassment incidents at workplace Sex harassments can take place in the workplace in different forms. Sex harassments can take place physically, psychologically, verbally or nonverbally. Even some of the gestures can categorize in the sex harassment lists. In most of the cases, sex harassments start verbally. The culprit often tries to catch the at traction of the victim with the help of comments with sexual overtones or remarks sexual nature. Chaudhari (2006) has pointed out an incident in which a senior doctor used verbal sexual harassment even in the operation theatre. A female doctor of 34 years of age said â€Å"ah† when the operation theatre needle accidently pierced her hand. In response to that the senior doctor said â€Å"You are making a sound like you are having sex† (Chaudhari, 2006, p.11). In this case, the senior doctor tried to harass the junior doctor even in the operation theatre which shows that sex harassments are happening even at workplaces where one would never anticipate such activities. The culprit often analyzes the response of the victim to the initial verbal... This essay stresses that sexual harassment is an act of intimidation, bullying or coercion for in an effort to force a person to engage in sexual activities. In many cases, the victim may not register any complaints about the sex harassments and hence the number of the actual sex harassment cases is extremely higher than the number of the reported cases. This paper declares that earlier sex harassment incidents at workplaces were mostly happened against the women employees. However, at present even male workers are complaining about the sexual harassment they are facing from their female superior employees. In other words, both males and females are equally suffering from the sexual exploitations at workplace. Sex harassments can take place in the workplace in different forms. Sex harassments can take place physically, psychologically, verbally or nonverbally. Even some of the gestures can categorize in the sex harassment lists. In most of the cases, sex harassments start verbally. The culprit often tries to catch the attraction of the victim with the help of comments with sexual overtones or remarks sexual nature. The culprit often analyzes the response of the victim to the initial verbal assaults microscopically before deciding whether to continue his/her activities or to stop it there. In the above incident, if the junior doctor r esponded or seems to be responded favorably to the comments of her senior doctor, sex harassment will enter the second phase of unwanted body touches or physical activities.

The English Patient Essay Example for Free

The English Patient Essay Identity Crisis in Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient Lerzan G?ltekin Atillm University in Ankara, Turkey [emailprotected] edu. tr Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze identity crisis in Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient from a postcolonial perspective through the concept of nationalism and national identity, emphasizing cultural, psychological and physical displacement due to colonization, travelling, exploration and space / place (cartography), referring to the theories and views of Benedict Anderson, Homi Bhabba, Franz Fanon, Edward Said, and so on. The paper will mainly focus on the erasure of the national identities and selves of a group of European explorers, scientists and spies, including the colonized Kip, an Indian, serving as a bomb defuser in the British Army. Even though these scientists mission is to map the desert, they can hardly achieve it. The desert is uncontrollable and unreliable because of sand storms. Its surface changes rapidly and one can be lost forever. In other words, the desert is the metaphor of their unreliable national identities that are fragmented and varied because of their traumatic personal xperiences in this alien landscape and culture. The paper will emphasize the fragility of identities and selves even for those who represent European civilization and Imperial Rule as hegemonic powers together with the colonized Kip who is shaped by these powers as a hybrid identity. Key Words: hybridity, nationalism, national identity, postnationalism, space / place The English Patient is a novel that seeks to explore the problem of identity and displacement, experienced both by colonizer and colonized. As known, identity is a social construct and largely determined by the relationship between self and other. It is through our sense of identity that we identify ourselves as members of various ethnic groups or nations as well as social classes which provide us with a sense of belonging. Likewise, nations are communities which provide a sense of belonging through the individuals feeling of connectedness to his or her fellow men. In other words, individuals think that they are a part of one collective body, namely, a community known as nation, which is in fact an idea, defined by Benedict Anderson as an imagined political community (6). The survival of nations depend upon nvention and performance of traditions, histories, symbols which help people sustain their identity. However, it mostly depends on traditions and narration of history, which are central elements. Therefore, national history is important in the sense that it narrates the past as a common experience that belongs to a community. It creates one particular version of the past and identity to constitue a common past and a collective identity of any given community. In other words, nations are imaginary communities, to use Benedict Andersons phrase, and nationalism is based on the very concept of a unified imaginary community. Furthermore, nations shared territory which they believe they own and therefore have the right to separate from other peoples land by means of borders. As an idea, scholars usually agree that it is Western in origin, that it came into existence with the development of Western capitalism, industrialization and colonial expansion, which paved the way for imperialism. However, starting with the 90s, nationalism, nation and national identity began to lose their significance as the world was becoming increasingly international, particularly after the period of decolonization. The concept of nation / nationalism nd national identity as Western ideas stimulated colonized peoples to develop their own sense of nationalism and national identity against the colonial, national identity of the West. However, this anticolonial nationalism could not provide the colonised peoples with a sense of homogeneous national unity due to the diversity of ethnic groups within them, particularly because the elite nationalist rule neglected the subaltern masses and privileged the elite over the subaltern, which turned nationalism into a rule of elite dominations, as argued by Frantz Fanon in his The Wretched of the Earth. Hence, there emerged from Western capitalism and colonization the concepts of nation and nationalism as indispensible components of imperialist expansion, but failing to bring national liberation to the heterogeneous groups of people in the former colonies despite their opposition to imperialist domination as anticolonial nationalism. Be it colonial or anti-colonial, both are essentialist and racist in the sense that they supported the ruling elite while ignoring the less privileged ethnic groups. The English Patient (hereafter will be cited as EP) is a novel that questions he nation and nationalism that shape identities through colonial and anti-colonial nationalisms. The characters are all exiles from their homeland who have gathered together at the Villa San Girolamo at the end of World War II. Hana is a Canadian nurse, who volunteered for war service and who has to have an abortion because the father of her unborn child has been killed. Furthermore, she is on the verge of a nervous breakdown because of the news of her fathers death by burns and her continous dealing with the wounded and the dying. As the Canadian Infantry Division ontinues to advance in Italy, she stays behind at the villa to nurse a dying burnt man who is called the English patient. The third member of the villa other than these two is Kip, a Sikh, who is a sapper in the British army and finally, Caravaggio, the thief, an Italian-Canadian who was a friend of Hanas father. The novels central figure is the English patient whose identity is already erased as he is burnt beyond recognition. In fact, he is the Hungarian Court Ladislaus de Almasy, a desert explorer who helped the Germans navigate the deserts. Although his duty is to delineate, name and in a ense possess the unmapped desert, which is a vast territory, in the end his own identity, which is the map of his own features, has been erased and he is known only as the English patient. In fact, the inhabitants of the Villa are all diplaced because they are exiles who have found new identities in a place other than their homeland. In a sense, they formed a new community in the Villa, which is like Eden, isolated from the outside world of war and violence. Since the novel questions colonial and colonial hierarchies, particularly the imperial conception of space/place through the apping of the desert, which is an instrument of colonial domination, and the deserts elusiveness because of its vastness and uncontrollable sand storms. In fact, mapping a space means to name it and possess it as it becomes a place as seized territory, which will help invaders, explorers and traders to realize their plans and aspirations. Almasy is aware of the fact that mapping is a form of knowledge for power and domination: The ends of the earth are never the points on a map that colonists push against, enlarging their sphere of influence. On one side servants and slaves and tides of ower and correspondence with the Geographical Society.

Louis XIV, France’s Sun King Essay -- French King Louis XIV Essays

Louis XIV, France’s Sun King Louis XIV, France’s Sun King, had the longest reign in European history (1643-1715). During this time he brought absolute monarchy to its height, established a glittering court at Versailles, and fought most of the other European countries in four wars. Although his reign had some negative aspects; on balance, Louis’ reign was primarily a benefit to France. In 1643 Louis XIII died. Louis XIII’s wife and Louis XIV’s mother, Anne of Austria, aided by her minister, Cardinal Mazarin, ruled France as regent. Kindly but mediocre tutors gave him a feeble education, while his mother formed his rules of conscience, teaching him a simple kind of Roman Catholicism. Mazarin instructed him in court ceremony, war, and the craft of kingship. The Fronde—two rebellions against the Crown between 1648 and 1653—impressed upon Louis the need to bring order, stability, and reform to France and also fostered in him a deep suspicion of the nobility. In accordance with the Franco-Spanish Treaty of the Pyrenees, Louis married his Spanish cousin, Marie-Therese, in 1660. When Mazarin died the following year, Louis shocked France by refusing to name a first minister; he had decided to rule alone and selected Jean-Baptiste Colbert as his financial adviser. Colbert encouraged domestic industry and foreign exports and rebuilt the Fre nch navy. Despite his youth, Louis XIV proved a hardworking king. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday he presided at a council meeting in which were formulated policies that affected the lives of 20 million subjects. Louis developed two effective new instruments of power: a corps of professional diplomats and a standing, uniformed army. After 1682 the king spent most of his time at ... ...sailles. Within 54 years he did what several kings had worked on for centuries. French culture became one of the most appealing in the world and the name Louis XIV has been associated with greatness and glory. Louis XIV was a great monarch, capable of maintaining a strong kingdom because he never, in his entire life, doubted his right to be king. Louis XIV was never able to resolve the tensions between governing elite committed to efficiency and a society organized by rank, birth, and privilege, which explains many of the failures of his reign. His personal example of long, dedicated rule, however, made France the bureaucratic model for 18th century, absolutist Europe. His autocracy was indeed amazing, and he lived and ruled as a king should have. Louis XIV became the ideal king, and although many have tried to live up to his glory, none have been successful.

Impact on Learning of Lateralization of Brain Essay

Brain asymmetry refers to the unequal involvement of both hemispheres of the brain in different mental functions. In their general anatomy, the two hemispheres are very similar but there are a number of finer features that distinguish them from each other (Annett, 1985 ). The link between these structural differences and functional differences remains poorly understood. The asymmetry of brain function has been demonstrated both by studying the effects of brain damage on accidental faculties cognitive, but also more recently through the techniques of brain imaging showing asymmetric activations following mental operations, performed which is recorded as evidence of brain activity (Vallortigara & Bisazza, 1999). Despite significant progress on this issue, there are still many points of discussion. The link between these asymmetries and hemispheric dominance is still under scientific investigation, and the mechanisms neuro-developmental factors that lead to these asymmetries are under s tudy. This paper evaluates the impact of brain lateralization on human learning. There are significant ways in which the left hand side of the brain is different from the right hand side. The left temporal cortex neurons have developed the capacity to discriminate and identify sounds and syllables of words emitted by the human voice (Beaton, 2004). While the right temporal cortex neurons are sensitive to musical characteristics of the voice. The hemispheres, right and left, have differentiated to process information in its entirety. Other integrative functions are assigned to each different hemisphere. The left hemisphere is more involved in understanding spoken language but also in logical reasoning and in the motor control of the right side of the body (Capacchione, 2001). While the right hemisphere is more involved in music perception, emotional perception, and visual-spatial control, creativity lies in the motor control of the left side of the body. However, the development of these functions is dependent on many trainings and activities of each person (Morris, Left Brain, Right Brain, Whole Brain?, 2005). Although dedicated to certain functions by programming dependent on genetic information, the brain areas may change depending on their capacity and plasticity of living. The brain is an organ unique to each of us. Left Brain −It is said to be analytic, logical, mathematical, sequential −It works preferably from the detail −It is the seat of language preferred, but not exclusively The study of aphasia (language impairment associated with localized brain damage) showed that a lesion localized does not always match the same pathologies. Thus, about a quarter of a configuration have left hemispheric opposed to the language. Note too that lateralization is not yet established in children, the brain is still malleable until about age 9 to 11 years, some say until adolescence, which would be consistent with the process of myelination (Pinel & Dehaene, 2010). Other exceptions may also be mentioned: the illiterate (in fact, learning to write left to reinforce the dominance for language), the bilingual and multilingual (right cerebral hemisphere of right-handers can play a role in acquiring a second language, especially when learning takes place in adulthood). Finally, there is variability in symptomatology depending on the structure of language speaker’s brains (all languages are not treated the same way) (Capacchione, 2001). Right Brain −It is called analog, empirical and intuitive. −It works rather on the whole, the trial and error, and the deduction. −It is the seat of prime image processing and nonverbal communication −The analytical intelligence It is exact in nature and is fully expressed in detail, in abstraction, and in indexing. This is the basis of science, which allows identifying that 1 +1 = 2. In theory, it cannot be faulted, and can reach all levels of complexity by adding. It is tempting to liken it to mathematics, but it is also the basis of language. Its biggest flaw is that it does not support gaps in processing. The impact of brain lateralization on human learning is, thus, highly significant. Neurological and psychomotor development is a biological process to monitor a child. At the heart of this development, brain lateralization is a concern for most parents. When the child tends to acquire a right-sided dominance, parents are relieved (Coon & Mitterer, Psychology: A Journey, 2010). Otherwise, they are more or less worried about the normal development of their child and its adaptability in a world organized for the convenience of the right-handed individuals. The lateralization process is effective at the age of six or seven years. However, you can tell if your child will be left handed or right from as early as 3 years. Before three years, it is almost impossible to tell if ones child is left or right handed, as the child uses both his hands to seize or to imitate the gestures and movements of adults. However, its laterality begins to define itself through three years. Seeing you eat, it will spontaneously take a spoon and try to imitate the parents guiding hand (Coon & Mitterer, Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior, 2010). When I saw you kick a ball, try to copy it using his head. If your child performs these simple gestures with both hands and both feet, it is likely to become ambidextrous. The parental concern for children is mostly left structuring of a society organized for right-handed majority. Indeed, the world we live in is specially organized for the convenience of the latter (Coon & Mitterer, Psychology: A Journey, 2010). Low life expectancy, vulnerability to accidents and household accidents, popular prejudices around the left handed mainly because they are forced to adapt to a world of right-handedness. The effort that they are required to live in the societal structure is larger than right-handers. Despite this, the latest statistics continue to show that even in the third millennium; â€Å"lefties† are not an endangered species. The right hemisphere is dominant in people with left-sided brains. In other words, motor development and neurological development is from this hemisphere of the brain. Wanting to force a child to become left-handed is a mistake (Neveu, 2008). This may alter the process of natural development of his/her brain. Stop worrying and help them to develop in the direction of its natural handedness. Make sure your child is accomplished with relative ease useful activities such as writing or using a spoon. If your child is still confined in an ambidextrous trend for five years, it is necessary to consult a psychotherapist. The best-known example of the functional asymmetry is the dominance of the left hemisphere in speech production, which can be around 95% of right-handers and 70% shown by the left-handed. Studies of split-brain patients have shown that only in no stimulation of the right hemisphere processed verbal-expressive utterances were allowed (Osman, Mà ¼ller, & Syre, 2005). Moreover, there is the left hemisphere in word recognition and math operations are dominant. A dominance of the right hemisphere can be detected in areas such as spatial perception and face recognition. Prerequisite for the processing of information is the information recording. All our sense organs can be used as a receiving member. The incoming information is analyzed by comparison with existing knowledge. The perception process could also be called â€Å"hypothesis testing†. Not only prior experience influences human attention, but also the state of the brain. It is now known that learning in the state of a medium level of activation (slight shift towards the negative pole) is more efficient. A large influence on the perception and attention has emotions that are located as mentioned in the limbic system (Roth, 2005). For ongoing learning information recording is required. Thus, learning can be described as a permanent testing of hypotheses. This existing knowledge with newly incoming information is confirmed (assimilation), but above all to improve, expand and change (accommodation). This paper has evaluated the impact of brain lateralization on human learning. The link between these asymmetries and hemispheric dominance is found to be quite strong. Difference between the left-hand and the right-hand side of the brain is found to have impact on mathematical abilities, spatial judgment, logical evaluation and aesthetical development. Scientific evidence on the functioning of left and right hemisphere of the human brain has confirmed the hypothesis that learning differences are found between the two sides of the brain. The right hemisphere is dominant in people with left-handedness, which confirms motor development and neurological thinking is from this hemisphere of the brain. It is also concluded that learning differences are permanent as well, since a right-handed person cannot be forced to become left-handed. These learning differences are also found to be a source of parental concern whether their child is left-handed or right handed. Further research is needed to evaluate the societal impacts on these learning differences between the two sides of the human brain. References Annett, M. (1985 ). Left, right, hand and brain: the right shift theory. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Beaton, A. (2004). Dyslexia, Reading, and the Brain. New York: Psychology Press. Capacchione, L. (2001). The Power of Your Other Hand. Ohio: The Career Press. Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. (2010). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior. California: Wadsworth Learning. Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. (2010). Psychology: A Journey. New York: Engage Learning. Morris, R. (2005). Left Brain, Right Brain, Whole Brain? Retrieved July 25, 2012, from singsurf.org : www.singsurf.org/brain/rightbrain.php Neveu, P. (2008). The Production and Effects of Cytokines Depend on Brain Lateralization. NeuroImmune Biolog, 549-563. Osman, A., Mà ¼ller, K., & Syre, P. (2005). Paradoxical lateralization of brain potentials during imagined foot movements. Cognitive Brain Research, 24(3), 727-731. Pinel, P., & Dehaene, S. (2010). Beyond Hemispheric Dominance: Brain Regions Underlying the Joint Lateralization of Language and Arithmetic to the Left Hemisphere. Journal Of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(1), 48-66. Roth, M. (2005). The Left Stuff: How the Left-Handed Have Survived and Thrived in a Right handed world. Ohio: Rowman Publishing. Vallortigara, G., & Bisazza, A. (1999). Possible evolutionary origins of cognitive brain lateralization. Brain Research Reviews, 30(2), 164-175.

Li and Fung Limited Essay

Ans#1- Li & Fung Limited is a global trading group. A company would like to use the supply chain management services of Li & Fung because it manages the supply chain for high volume, time sensitive consumer goods, delivering the right location. It focuses on providing a one- stop shop service through a network of 69 sourcing offices in 40 countries. Company would prefer Li & Fung rather than organising in-house department or appointing a senior manager to handle these activities because it provides services range from product design , development, through raw material and factory sourcing, production planning and management, quality assurance and on to export documentation and shipping consolidation. Moreover company use Li & Fung because it could be an effort to also reduce costs. Ans#2- Li & Fung expand its global sourcing network through acquisitions since it has found developing networks from the ground up tends to take a long time and to be relatively expensive. Li & Fung acquired companies like Inchcape Buying Services in 1995, Swire & Maclaine Ltd , Camberley Enterprises Ltd and Colby Group Holdings Ltd. These all are well established companies. Li & Fung company is in favour of acquisitions because it doubled the size of company and expanded the company’s customer base in Europe and strengthen its position in the U.S. These acquisitions increased the size of Li & Fung’s sourcing network from 48 offices in 32 countries in 1999 to 68 offices in 40 countries in 2001. Ans#3- Internet opens the door to new levels of connectedness to customers. Successful firms on the Web have used cyberspace to achieve their objectives. Li & Fung use the Internet to capture additional business like small to medium- size -businesses that is characterized by small order size and shorter delivery requirements. But they cannot afford large sum of money in inventory. Internet provides solution to these kind of problems. It could allow Li & Fung to consolidate small orders for mass production by existing supplier network. Li & Fung allow these smaller businesses to have their own private label. The choices available online would allow a product to have the small business’s own distinctive label attached with choices available online and would choices of embroidery colors and packaging. Li & Fung should use search engine optimization for increase the awareness of its website. In order to make the additional businesses profitable Li & Fung could use their website †www.studiodirect.com† in many ways. The studio direct will combine its expertise in sourcing and merchandising of apparel with supply chain efficiency. It will derive from its web- based trading. Studio Direct has outsourced every aspect of delivery from pick and pack, shipping and customer clearance.